Most people who have android phones have windows PCs, some of those people have microsoft office and use it for their emails and calendars. Android does not have native support for syncing the calendars and emails on the phone.
When you have a samsung phone with a stock ROM it has support for syncing via the KIES software, but as soon as you install a non-stock ROM the kies software service on the phone is no longer present. This might be true for other manufacturers and their stock ROM solutions for outlook.
I have found it frustrating syncing my Outlook contacts and calendar between outlook and my android phone. Outlook will always be my primary calendar and contacts.
I found this topic particularly difficult, i know what i wanted to do but i had loads of questions such as if i deleted the item on outlook how would it get deleted on the android phone. So i decided to work through the pain and write some instructions on how i synced my details and the different types of sync there is.
You can choose either to sync to your android phone (only/local store) or to your google account. It is important that you know about these 2 places to store contacts and calendar details. If you use the local store option gogole cannot see your contacts adn calendar events.
General Notes
Software
There are 2 programs that are capable of performing sysncing with outlook and various endpointd (to be investgated) for both contacts and calendar
FJ Software Development - Home of MtPhoneExplorer
This is my preffered option and works with most android phones.
MyPhoneExplorer has the ability to sync your:
MyPhoneExplorer also has the following features:
You might find the follow useful so you know what will happen with default settings and to make sure you have them set as you require before you run the MyPhoneExplorer sync for the first time. I assume you have installed the app on the android phone and the windows app as per instructions. I also used a USB for these tests.
Created a Contact in Google Contacts (webpage)
Created Calendar item in Google Calendar (webpage)
Created Contact in Outlook
Created Calendar item in Outlook
I am going to use my Google Account rather than the Phone's Local Store. You can always change this later but would require a bit of effort. My Outlook will always be my primary store for contacts and calendar events.


Delete Local Contacts and move them all to your Google Account
You can delete all contacts on the phone in one go by using the windows application. This example deletes the phones local store, and then uploads all your outlook contacts to your Google Account. You can also do the same instructions for your Calendar. As ever just make sure you have backups of you Outlook PST and your Android Phone's Contacts and Calendar just incase you have some issues.
NB: When you run the script again it might have a few records that need updating/syncing this might be because of slight inconsistencies with how the records were stored.
Syncing Profile Photos (Google -> Phone -> MyPhoneExplorer -> Outlook)
this feature is not perfect, but not absolutely required. The mechanisms in MyPhoneExplorer do exist but not always aas you expect. If you had no contacts in outlook and everyone of your google account contacts had a profile image they would all transfer to outlook withou issue. The problems come in when you have contacts in different locations.
Basically if you sync both directions you will probably not get the images updated as myphonexplorer does not use image change as a trigger point. You need to force Phone to outlook.
MyPhoneExplorer can only download the phone logs, you cannot push the losg back to the phone
There should be an app that syncs the profile images. This should allow only those contacts at Google's Servers that have a profile image to updated the local cached version of these Google Contacts on your phone.
GO Contact Sync Mod - at SourceForge.net
This is a very simple piece of software that allows you to sync your outlook Contacts and Calendar directely with your Google Account and then by proxy, with your Android Mobile Phone because that syncs with your account. You can sync your contacts and calendar even if you do not have an android mobile phone. This software can be set to run automatically and sync automatically.
Easy to use and Easy to run. If you do not want all of the extra features of MyPhoneExplorer and do not want to use the Phones Local Store this would be for you.
Notes
A common problem with Google Contacts is tha the profile images stored on Google's Servers do not always repliacte down to your android phone. These are a couple of methods to fix (sort of) the problem.
Method 1
Method 2
This option seems to be really popular on the internet and does seem to be successful boot has some caveats. This method will delete your recent call history, call logs and contact Favourites, possible more.... This method is taken from this article, Android: How to Delete All Contacts
Some images were updated, some might still be downloading when i checked. Favorites were missing and recently called people. It did not cause all contacts to be updated, some had to be merged/updated (my choice) when i re-synced with MyPhoneExplorer. One of the accounts that I merge updated its contact photo. You should make note that it was updated because I merged the account changes and did not use the outlook contact only, I could of also just used the phone account which probably would have a similiar effect because my accounts were mostly in-sync. If there were already images on the outlook account I assume it would not get replaced. This method did delete call logs from the phone, recent calls, missed calls etc..
This method does work a little but does not seem able to 100% download all of the images, this could possibly i have not left it long enough or there is a sync limit which has been reached so you have to wait for a reset.
This is a video of a smiliar method but it uses 'contacts' not 'contacts storage'. I tried this but could not get it to work. Android Contact List Images Photos Missing - YouTube
Below i am going to list a few pieces of software i have found for syncing outlook with your android phone. Some are free and some are paid for.
IMAP
If you are using IMAP then there is a chance you have all your contacts and emails stored with your email provider, even your calendar if Google.
POP3
This is not strictly achievable when using POP3 but i have a really good work around.
what this does is allow your main PC to download the emails as it does normally but leaves 2 weeks worth of emails in the mailbox so your phone has upto 2 weeks to download these emails. But because the phone is setup as IMAP you get immediate emails via PUSH notifications. I think K9 caches the emails it downloads so it possibly is keeping emails for longer than 2 weeks, if it doesnt having 2 weeks worth of emails on your phone is more than enough.
If you find that your mailbox is getting too full you can either increase the size of the mailbox or reduce the number of days that outlook keeps emails in the mailbox.
The PC with outlook on will always be the master.
MS-Exchange
I have not tried this but i am sure there is full Microsoft Echange support available if you use one of these corporate systems in which case you email, contacts and calendar will be synced.
This has got to be one of the most annoying issues with Windows 8, and also one of the most unfixed issues. Below i will show you what i did to fix my issues and then expand on what i think the causes are etc..
There is UEFI (EFI) and non-UEFI versions of boot loader. I think this is the difference between secure and non-secure booting.
Listed in order.
Stage 1
When you get this issue it always loads the choice screen where you can try to load windows again or try to repair your Windows installation. This menu never gives you any indication of what the error is, it just keeps looping.

In this Repair menu i tried all of the following options, non of which worked to reapir the boot loop.
Stage 2
I now followed the instructions from this webpage with a few modifications because i relised that i was using a UEFI and that this might cause other issues. However the things i tried above are valid for Windows 8.
http://woshub.com/how-to-repair-uefi-bootloader-in-windows-8/
The matter is that the BCD loader configuration in Windows 8 installed in UEFI mode is stored on a separate hidden EFI volume (100 MB in size on FAT32 file system). Bcdedit can not see it and, therefore, manage the loader configuration on it.
NB: my bcdedit could see the BCD i think it was because the appropriate partition had a drive letter
My Modifications
The commands i actually ran from the Windows 8 Boot Disk (DVD):
from here on i get the following error screen which actually shows you an error

The operating system couldn’t be loaded because a critical system driver is missing or contains errors. File: \windows\system32\drivers\mfehidk.sys Error code: 0x000000d
The file mentioned above, Mfehidk.sys is a system process that runs in the computer background and maintains the host intrusion detection system for McAfee Antivirus. Mfehidk.sys will not be the cause of everyones boot loop or the faulting file shown.
http://h20565.www2.hp.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?sp4ts.oid=4132189&docId=mmr_kc-0110048&docLocale=en_US - says what Mfehidk.sys is for.
Stage 3
The boot loop has now gone but I could no longer use the 'Auto Repair Menu' on the hard disk so i had to revert to using a Windows 8 Boot Disk with Dart Utilities.
When the disk had loaded i navigated to the Advanced Tools via the Troubleshooting menu and ran the following (you will be prompted to login)
C:\windows\System32\Logfiles\Srt\SrtTrail.txtI rebooted the PC and Windows still did not load and went to the same blue screen with the error message on it.
Logfile
So i decided i would go and have a look at this file and what the logfiles say. You can read the SRT log to see what issues are hyappening.
C:\windows\System32\Logfiles\Srt\SrtTrail.txt
In my log file i was drawn to the lines
Root cause found: --------------------------- Boot critical file c:\windows\system32\drivers\mfehidk.sys is corrupt. Repair action: File repair Result: Failed. Error code = 0x2 Time taken = 2781 ms Repair action: System files integrity check and repair Result: Failed. Error code = 0x490 Time taken = 870141 ms
Stage 4
Just as a followup, when windows loaded it prompted me with a system restore error. This could of been caused by some of the work i did or that my client had been messing before the failure, even though he told me he had not. I just cancelled the notification and all was well.

Causes of the boot loop
The cause for this boot loop was undoubtably the 0 Byte files that windows was trying to load as drivers, and inparticular because it was a low level antivirus file, this was why the loop happened so quickly.
even though i tried loading windows without low level malwaredrivers i think this file was either not a low level antivirus file or when it is parsed because it is 0 Bytes long caused a hard crash of the kerenl which always flaggs the last boot as dirty, hence the loop.
The files could of been made 0 Bytes by anti-virus cleaning the file because it thinks it is a virus or perhaps when Mcaffe updated itself it did not correctely delete these files.
above was a worked example of what i did to fix the boot loop but here is the order of things you should do. Try rebooting your PC after each section to see if that fixed your computer.
C:\windows\System32\Logfiles\Srt\SrtTrail.txt
C:\windows\System32\drivers\
You should have a working PC by now, if not try going through them again to see if you have missed anything. After this the next step is to back all your stuff up and perfomr a refresh, reset or fresh install of windows.